- Validity: my definition: argument doesn’t have to be true but must follow it’s premises. actual definition: the quality of being logically or factually sound.
2. Soundness: my definition: has to be true for everything. actual definition: the quality of being based on valid reason or good judgement.
3. Ad populum: my definition: the majority isn’t always right. actual definition: appeal to popularity.
4. Ad hominem: my definition: to attack a person on looks and not on their ideas. actual definition: directed against a person rather than the position they are maintaining.
5. Equivocation: my definition: to say one thing but mean another. actual definition: the use of ambiguous language to conceal the truth or to avoid committing oneself.
6.Epistemology: my definition/actual definition: is the study of knowledge in regard to methods, validity, and scope.
7. Essence: my definition: necessary and sufficient conditions. actual definition: a property or group of properties of something without which it would not exist or be what it is.
8. Mimesis: my definition: imitation of an object into art. actual definition: representation or imitation of the real world in art and literature.
9. Catharsis: my definition: process emotion and transform it into something more useful. actual definition: the process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions.
10. Foundationalism: my definition: establishing a base of certainty that can support an entire system of knowledge. actual definition: the theory in Epistemology that beliefs can be justified based on basic or foundational beliefs (beliefs that give justificatory support to other beliefs).
11. Methodological doubt: my definition: aka method of doubt; doubt any position if there is the slightest reason to do so. actual definition: a way of searching for certainty by systematically though tentatively doubting everything.
12. Illusion argument: my definition: if something deceives us once, we do not trust it any longer. actual definition: one perceives an object, but the object is not the way it appears in some respects.
13. Dream argument: my definition: doubt everything one thinks and one cannot be sure if anything is real. actual definition: people who dream sre routinely deceived into believing that they are having waking experiences while we are actually asleep and dreaming.
14. Evil genius hypothesis: my definition: an evil demon is in control deceiving me of everything; nothing is real. actual definition: In the evil demon argument Descartes proposes an entity who is capable of deceiving us to such a degree that we have reason to doubt the totality of what our senses tell us.
15. Cogito ergo sum: latin translation: “I think, therefore I am”.
16. Empericism: my definition: knowledge comes from senses and experiences. actual definition: the theory that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience.
17. Rationalists: my definition: knowledge comes from reason or logic. actual definition: the view that “regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge”.
18. Axiom: my definition: every idea must come from an impression in the senses (follows the idea we have no idea of self). actual definition: a statement that is so evident or well-established, that it is accepted without controversy or question.
19. Sense impression: my definition: all of the five senses. actual definition: an unelaborated elementary awareness of stimulation; “a sensation of touch” aesthesis, esthesis, sensation, sense datum, sense experience. perception – the process of perceiving.
20. Existentialism: my definition: the philosophical theory that highlights an individual person with freewill. actual definition: a philosophical theory or approach which emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent determining their own development through acts of the will.
21. Telos: my definition: purpose or end; outcome. actual definition: an ultimate object or aim.
22. Teleology: my definition: a purpose something serves as separate from its cause. actual definition: the explanation of phenomena in terms of the purpose they serve rather than of the cause by which they arise.
23. Eudaimonia: my definition: the flourishing life. actual definition: happiness or welfare; human flourishing or prosperity and blessedness.
24. Personal narrative: my definition: context set by traditions and history of ones society and family. actual definition: The theory of narrative identity postulates that individuals form an identity by integrating their life experiences into an internalized, evolving story of the self that provides the individual with a sense of unity and purpose in life.
25. Determinism: my definition: whatever happens, happens necessarily/ no free will. actual definition: theory that all events, including moral choices, are completely determined by previously existing causes.
26. Hard Determinism: my definition: the view that determinism is true and shows that freedom is an illusion. actual definition: a view on free will which holds that determinism is true, and that it is incompatible with free will, and, therefore, that free will does not exist.
27. Soft Determinism (compatibilism): my definition: determinism is comparable with freedom and responsibility. actual definition: theory that human behaviour and actions are wholly determined by causal events, but human free will does exist when defined as the capacity to act according to one’s nature (which is shaped by external factors such as heredity, society and upbringing).
28. Scientific Determinism: my definition/actual definition: since every event in nature has a cause or causes that account for its occurrence, and since human beings exist in nature, human acts and choices are as determined as anything else in the world.
29. Fatalism: my definition: fate is determined from origins of the universe. actual definition: the belief that all events are predetermined and therefore inevitable.
30. Availability Condition: my definition/actual definition: acting freely only if there is a chance to act otherwise.
31. Self Determinism: my definition: when we ourselves are the causes of activities are free. actual definition: a doctrine that the actions of a self are determined by itself.
32. Indeterminism: my definition: not chosen by will, determined by chaos, randomness, or luck. actual definition: the doctrine that not all events are wholly determined by antecedent causes.
word count: 962
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